Students ’ Feedback of mDPBL Approach and the Learning Impact towards Computer Networks Teaching and Learning

This study presents students’ feedback and learning impact on design and development of a multimedia learning in Direct Problem-Based Learning approach (mDPBL) for Computer Networks in Dian Nuswantoro University, Indonesia. This study examined the usefulness, contents and navigation of the multimedia learning as well as learning impacts towards mDPBL approach which used. A total of 276 students who took Computer Networks subject from two different departments participated in this study of a quasi-experiment in year 2016. Two different ways of teaching, one the normal of teaching/traditional approach, another one using mDPBL approach of teaching. However, the purpose of this study, Analysis and report in this study only the feedback of the students participated in mDPBL group (n=136). Nearly all students have positive feedback of the multimedia learning especially usefulness, contents and navigation, and also they have positive feedback of the mDPBL teaching approach. While, the overall feedback towards mDPBL approach presented in the findings/results section.


Introduction
Many universities, including those in Indonesia are finding new means to traditional methods in order to bridge learning efficiency with technology.Rapid evolution and progression in the multimedia technology, it has become feasible to integrate multimedia technology into the teaching and learning process.In the multimedia learning environment, the teacher plays a part in guiding and supporting the student's development and understanding of the content rather than just delivering information to the student.In Addition, Neo & Neo (2001) add that multimedia is an interactive application to convey an information to a student which includes a combination of various media types such as text, images and sound.
Currently, teaching and learning process in Computer Networks subject of Informatics Engineering and Information System Department, Dian Nuswantoro University Indonesia using direct instruction approach (DIA).However, DIA of teaching and learning Computer Networks causes low students' interest.The other problem is that the lecturer complete syllabus through lecturer using verbal communication, white board media, and static slide presentation.Moreover, teaching and learning materials and approach causes students' bored and they are too busy writing down the information presented by lecturer.Therefore, in the current teaching, an innovation is required to increase students' interest while teaching and learning.Multimedia teaching and learning in the Direct Problem-Based Learning (mDPBL) for Computer Networks teaching and learning was used.This study discussed the students' feedback of mDPBL approach and the learning impact towards Computer Networks teaching and learning.

Direct Instruction Approach (DIA)
The major population of institutions follows a direct instruction approach (DIA) of teaching and learning when it comes to Computer Networks subject (Vinay & Rassak, 2015), in which teacher-centred (Blumberg, 2000) and teachers as the controller of the learning environment as one of the characteristics of DIA.However, DIA causes low students' interest and students' problem-solving skills (Choi, Lindquist, & Song, 2014).Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is one of the most appropriate teaching approaches to improve students' problem-solving skills.PBL is described as an approach that is student-centred and builds problem-solving skills (Becker & Maunsaiyat, 2004).Many educational institutions has resulted in a shift in their curriculum model using problem-based learning (PBL).Tan (2000) added that via a PBL environment, the learning focus is moving from content to problems to create an educational methodology which "higher order thinking, communication and teamwork skills as well as independents learning".In addition, Yusof, Hasan, Jamaludin, & Harun, (2012) stated that PBL is a realistic learning approach to improve students' problemsolving skills.

Direct Problem-Based Learning (DPBL) Approach
The DPBL approach is a combination of DIA and PBL approach.According to Carnine (2000), that DIA have three characteristics includes using face-to-face interaction when teacher deliver of subject, sequenced deliberately, and small groups.Meanwhile of problem-based learning using four characteristics by Barrow (1996) and Savery (2006) namely: student-centred approach, real word problem in the ill-structured design, teacher as a facilitator, and no larger than nine student into small groups.

Research Objectives
The objectives of this study is focus of students' perception, feedback and learning impact of mDPBL approach includes to examine the design (Usefulness, contents, navigation) of multimedia learning and to examine the design teaching approach of the mDPBL approach.These research objectives are in line of the research question which in context of mDPBL is what is the learning impact of mDPBL as perceived by students?

Research Design
The Computer Networks teaching and learning process was tested using the mDPBL teaching and learning approach.Informatics Engineering and Information System department in Dian Nuswantoro University, Indonesia with four classes of students selected in this study.They used it for three weeks includes the introduction to the multimedia learning and group design, Content explanation and group task, and group presentation.
A total of 276 students who took Computer Networks subject from two different departments participated in this study of a quasi-experiment in year 2016.Two different ways of teaching, one the normal of teaching/traditional approach, another one using mDPBL approach of teaching.However, the purpose of this study, Analysis and report in this study only the feedback of the students participated in mDPBL group (n=136).The instrument contains dimensions of learning measures towards mDPBL approach.Those dimensions are: Usefulness, Navigation, Contents, and learning impact.

mDPBL approach for Computer Networks teaching and learning
A multimedia learning in direct problem-based learning (mDPBL) approach was used as a new teaching approach.The mDPBL includes the animation about Routing as a part of Computer Networks subject.The mDPBL approach had been develop with integrated multimedia includes animation lessons, and other features with DPBL approach to supporting the student learning process.Using animation text, image and sound to be more interactive and interest.There are some features of the multimedia learning and students' activities in the mDPBL Computer Networks approach.Fig. 2 depicts teaching and learning process using mDPBL approach.Students divided into small groups which consist of four to six members.The topics presented using multimedia learning.The groups presents the work report.

Findings / Results
This section presents the survey results on mDPBL approach gathered the student's participants of mDPBL group, after they were using mDPBL approach for their learning group.

Feedback of usefulness in multimedia learning for Computer Networks
Nearly all students have a positive response to usefulness of multimedia learning for Computer Networks, with aggregate mean value = 4.04 (fig.3).Students' feedback on usefulness in multimedia learning for Computer Networks indicated that items q1, q3, q4, and q6 shows higher mean scores (mean ≥ 4.0).Many of them have positive response that usefulness in multimedia learning were useful and suitable for Computer Networks.

Feedback of contents in multimedia learning for Computer Networks
Nearly all students have a positive response to contents of multimedia learning for Computer Networks, with aggregate mean value = 4.01 (fig.3).Students' feedback on contents in multimedia learning for Computer Networks indicated that items q1, q3, q4, and q5 shows higher mean scores (mean ≥ 4.0).Many of them have positive response that contents in multimedia learning were suitable for Computer Networks.

Feedback of navigation in multimedia learning for Computer Networks
Nearly all students have a positive response to navigation of multimedia learning for Computer Networks, with aggregate mean value = 4.01 (fig.3).Students' feedback on navigation in multimedia learning for Computer Networks indicated that all items shows higher mean scores (mean ≥ 4.0).Many of them have positive response that navigation in multimedia learning for Computer Networks were easy to follow.

Feedback of learning impact of mDPBL approach
This section presents the students' feedback of the learning impact of mDPBL approach.Table 4 shows the students' feedback of multimedia learning for Computer Networks.While, table 5 shows the students' feedback of DPBL approach.Table 4 shows that students have a positive response to multimedia learning for Computer Networks.
Learning impacts using multimedia learning for Computer Networks indicated that all items shows higher mean scores.
In addition, multimedia learning were motivated to learn Computer Networks, it was effective and interactive than traditional teaching.Table 5 shows the students' feedback of DPBL approach.Table 5 shows that students have a positive response to DPBL approach.Learning impacts using DPBL approach indicated that all items shows higher mean scores.In addition, DPBL approach were improved students' knowledge, it was increased students' creative thinking and teamwork skill as well as effective the normal teaching.

Overall Feedback
This section presents the survey results about feedback of usefulness, feedback of contents and feedback of navigation in Computer Networks teaching and learning.The survey results indicated that students have positive response for overall feedback of multimedia learning for Computer Networks.The data had been collected from results of the questionnaires as presented in Table 1 to 5. The findings and summarized of students' feedback towards multimedia learning for Computer Networks presented in Figure 3.The graph indicated that majority of students have positive responses towards multimedia learning for Computer Networks, particularly in the navigation that provided in multimedia learning for Computer Networks with mean value = 4.08.

Discussions
This work presents a study of the students' feedback of the mDPBL approach towards Computer Networks teaching and learning process.This study was conducted due to the increasing challenge of teaching an abstract subject (e.g.Computer Networks).Computer Networks concepts and protocols are very abstract for many students.Image, Text, Animation, audio media was incorporated as the key component in multimedia based learning.Multimedia based learning was used to increase students' interest and attitude.While, DPBL was used to increase students' creative thinking and teamwork skill.Nearly all students have a positive response to the multimedia learning (i.e.usefulness, content, and navigation) and DPBL as teaching approach.Mainly, this could be due to the scarce usage of mDPBL for teaching activity in the classroom, and they felt it useful and interesting.Having said that, the students' feedback shows that all aspect evaluated of the mDPBL had a high response.The content level has also high response but lower than usefulness and navigation levels.Further development of the mDPBL approach is to include more contents related to the topic of Computer Networks to improve students' interest, attitude, knowledge as well as students' problem-solving skills towards Computer Networks.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.An animation of the Routing process Figure 1 depicts contents various feature of Computer Networks such as concept description and routing algorithm.The description of routing concept includes objective, kind of routing and benefit.While, forward search algorithm as one of the routing algorithm explained of the routing algorithm feature.

Table 2 .
Contents feedback

Table 3 .
Navigation feedback

Table 4 .
Learning impact of Multimedia learning

Table 5 .
Learning impact of DPBL approach